Monday, May 2, 2011

Periodic Table Trends

This is our current Periodic Table of Elements



Metallic Properties
  • Elements on the Periodic Table change from Metal, to Metalloid, to Non-metal as they go from left to right
  • Elements become more metallic as the go from top to bottom
Metal
  • A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity
  • Found on the middle and left side of the Periodic Table

Metalloid
  • Properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid non-metals
  • Are electrical semiconductors
  • Found in between metals and non-metals, separating the two like a staircase

Non-metal
  • Does not have the properties of metallic elements, such as malleability
  • Usually found in nature as gases or weak, brittle solids
  • Found on the right side of the Periodic Table

Reactivity

  • The ability of atoms of the element to donate, receive, or share electrons with the atoms of another elements
  • From left to right, reactivity decreases
  • From top to bottom, reactivity increases
Atomic Radius

  • The size of the atom
  • The distance from the atomic nucleus to the outermost electron orbital
  • From left to right, atomic radius decreases
  • From top to bottom, atomic radius increases

Density

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  • How compact an atom is
  • From top to bottom, density increases

Boiling/Melting Point


  • The temperature at which an element boils or melts
  • Elements at the centre of the periodic table have the highest boiling/melting point

Electronegativity

  • The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond
  • From left to right, electronegativity increases
  • From top to bottom, electronegativity decreases

Ionization Energy
  • The energy needed to remove electrons from the atom
  • From left to right, ionization energy increases
  • From top to bottom, ionization energy decreases

Ion Charge


  • The charge (positive/negative) of an element
  • Depends on their groups

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