Monday, May 30, 2011

Alkenes & Alkynes

  • Are unsaturated, therefore containing double or triple carbon bonds.
  • General Formula: CnH2n and CnH2n-2.
  • Naming rules similar to Alkanes.
  • Endings -ene and -yne are used to name the parent chains in alkenes and alkynes.
Naming Alkenes and Alkynes
  1. Finds longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.  Number the carbons by giving the multiple bond the lowest possible number.
  2. List and number alkyl groups.  Add prefixes if necessary.  List them alphabetically.
  3. Commas used to separate numbers and hyphens are used to separate numbers and letters.
Geometric Isomers
cis-2-butene
Cis-
trans-2-butene
Trans-
   
  • Labels cis- and trans- are used to distinguish between them.
  • Cis- same side
  • Trans- across/opposite


Examples:

    
1-hexene

4-methyl-1-pentene

2,3-dimethyl-1-butene

2,3-dimethyl-2-butene

3-methyl-1-butyne



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